What are the effects of temperature on the performance of lead-acid batteries? From the chemical reaction equation of lead-acid batteries, PbO2 is on the positive plate, and Pb is on the negative plate. The electrical and physical properties of these two substances vary very little with temperature, so it can be said that the temperature effect of the discharge performance of lead-acid batteries is due to sulfuric acid, because only its activation properties (the degree of dissociation and the rate of ion migration) are related to temperature.

The temperature of sulfuric acid electrolyte of lead-acid battery is high, the capacity output is more, and the temperature of electrolyte is low, the capacity output is less. The reason for this situation is that, in addition to the decrease in temperature, the solubility of lead sulfate in the sulfuric acid electrolyte will also be reduced when the temperature is reduced, which will inevitably cause the saturation of lead ions around the plate, forcing the formation of dense lead sulfate crystal, the dense crystallization hinders the full contact between the active substance and the sulfuric acid electrolyte, thus reducing the capacity of the lead-acid battery.

When the lead-acid battery is discharged, if the temperature of the sulfuric acid electrolyte is high, it will reduce the supersaturation of PbSO4 on the surface of the plate in the sulfuric acid electrolyte, which is conducive to the formation of loose lead sulfate crystals, so that the PbO2 layer is produced in the charging process, which can extend the service life of the active substance of the plate. If the temperature of the electrolyte is too high when the lead-acid battery is charged, the diffusion of the electrolyte will be accelerated, and the corrosion of the plate grid will be aggravated, which will shorten the service life of the lead-acid battery.

In SUMMARY:

1) When the lead-acid battery is charging, the corrosion of the plate and lead alloy grid increases with the increase of the temperature of the electrolyte.

2) In lead-acid batteries, the corrosion of the positive plate lead alloy grid is greater than that of the negative plate.